# Cairn

> Cairn is a compliance research platform built on the entire OSHA record. It answers workplace safety and regulatory questions with cited answers drawn from the complete federal enforcement record, which includes every inspection, violation, accident narrative, Letter of Interpretation, directive, and the current 29 CFR text. Safety and operations teams use it to get answers they can support with a citation. Every regulatory claim comes from the text of the Code of Federal Regulations and from the OSHA enforcement record, and Cairn is designed to refuse to make up an answer when it has no source.

You may quote and cite pages on this site with a link to them. Content, data and answers from cairnsafe.com may not be used to train, fine-tune or distill AI models, or be collected in bulk by automated means. See https://cairnsafe.com/legal/terms#acceptable-use.

## Start here

- [Cairn homepage](https://cairnsafe.com/): What Cairn is and how compliance research with cited answers works.
- [Platform overview](https://cairnsafe.com/platform): Search and answers, peer benchmarking, the LOI Drafter, and enforcement lookup.
- [Pricing](https://cairnsafe.com/pricing): Plans for safety and operations teams, starting at $5,000/year.
- [Contact / request a demo](https://cairnsafe.com/contact): Talk to the team or book a walkthrough.

## Free tools

- [OSHA citation-risk tool](https://cairnsafe.com/tools/citation-risk): Ranks the OSHA standards most cited in your industry by NAICS code and state, and it requires no account.

## Compliance guides

- [OSHA compliance guides (hub)](https://cairnsafe.com/guides): Guides in plain language that quote the controlling 29 CFR text and cite OSHA enforcement data.
- [OSHA Fall Protection Requirements (29 CFR 1926.501)](https://cairnsafe.com/guides/osha-fall-protection-requirements): The OSHA fall protection height for each industry with its CFR citation, which is 4 ft or more in general industry, more than 5 ft at shipyard deck and platform edges, 6 ft or more in construction, 8 ft or more in longshoring, more than 10 ft on scaffolds, and more than 15 ft in steel erection. The guide also lists the exceptions and explains why 1926.501(b)(13) is the most-cited construction standard (112,067 citations).
- [OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)](https://cairnsafe.com/guides/osha-hazard-communication-standard): The written program, safety data sheets, labels, and training behind the most-cited OSHA standard (211,420 citations).
- [OSHA Lockout/Tagout Requirements (29 CFR 1910.147)](https://cairnsafe.com/guides/osha-lockout-tagout-1910-147): Energy-control procedures, annual periodic inspection, and training for a standard that is a Top 10 OSHA citation year after year.
- [What Is an OSHA Letter of Interpretation?](https://cairnsafe.com/guides/what-is-an-osha-letter-of-interpretation): How OSHA Letters of Interpretation work, how much authority they carry, and how to find, cite, and request them when a standard is ambiguous.

## OSHA standards data

- [OSHA standards ranked by citations (hub)](https://cairnsafe.com/standards): One page for each 29 CFR section cited at least 50 times since 2016, with citations, inspections, penalties, the most-cited paragraphs, industries, states, and the OSHA Letters of Interpretation that cite it. The full list is at the end of this file.

## OSHA glossary

- [OSHA glossary (hub)](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary): Definitions of the terms safety teams look up, such as competent person, serious violation, recordable injury and permit-required confined space. Each page quotes the legal text word for word, with its citation and the standards that use the term. The full list is near the end of this file.

## For AI assistants

- [Cairn MCP server](https://cairnsafe.com/developers/mcp): A free, read-only Model Context Protocol server at https://cairnsafe.com/mcp with tools to search 29 CFR safety standards, get headline enforcement figures for a standard, and list the most-cited standards. No account is needed. Detailed breakdowns and cited answers are in Cairn.

## Data reports

- [OSHA enforcement reports (hub)](https://cairnsafe.com/reports): Reports built from the full federal OSHA enforcement record, with exact citation counts.
- [The Most-Cited OSHA Standards by Industry](https://cairnsafe.com/reports/most-cited-osha-standards): The standards cited most often in six industries, including construction, manufacturing, warehousing, and health care, ranked by exact citation count.
- [OSHA Violation and Citation Statistics](https://cairnsafe.com/reports/osha-violation-statistics): More than 180 dated, sourced statistics on cited violations, penalties, violation types, industries, states, state-plan rules and Letters of Interpretation, covering 1,108,318 cited violations from federal OSHA and state-plan agencies under the 248 most-cited sections of 29 CFR from January 2016 through September 10, 2026. Each statistic has its own anchor link, and the page is updated after each data refresh.

## Platform capabilities

- [Search & cited answers](https://cairnsafe.com/platform/search): Ask compliance questions in plain English and get answers cited to the CFR and the enforcement record.
- [Peer benchmarking](https://cairnsafe.com/platform/benchmarking): Compare TRIR/DART against industry peers for board reporting.
- [LOI Drafter](https://cairnsafe.com/platform/loi-drafter): Draft Letters of Interpretation based on prior OSHA interpretations.
- [Enforcement lookup](https://cairnsafe.com/platform/enforcement): Search inspections, violations, and accident narratives.

## Company & trust

- [Security & data protection](https://cairnsafe.com/security): US data residency, SOC 2 Type II in progress.
- [About Cairn](https://cairnsafe.com/about): Who builds Cairn and why.
- [Resource library](https://cairnsafe.com/resources): Explainers on the CFR and an explorer for CFR enforcement statistics.

## OSHA glossary (all terms)

Each page gives a plain-English definition and quotes the legal text word for word with its citation.

- [Employer](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/employer): A person engaged in a business affecting commerce who has employees. The federal government and state and local governments are excluded.
- [General Duty Clause](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/general-duty-clause): Section 5(a)(1) of the OSH Act, requiring employment free from recognized hazards that are likely to cause death or serious physical harm.
- [Serious violation](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/serious-violation): A violation with a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result, unless the employer could not have known of it.
- [Willful and repeat violations](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/willful-and-repeat-violations): The violation categories with the highest civil penalty limit, for employers who willfully or repeatedly violate the OSH Act.
- [Other-than-serious violation](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/other-than-serious-violation): A violation of the OSH Act, a standard or a regulation that is specifically determined not to be of a serious nature.
- [De minimis violation](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/de-minimis-violation): A violation with no direct or immediate relationship to safety or health, for which OSHA may issue a notice instead of a citation.
- [OSHA citation](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/osha-citation): The written notice OSHA issues when it believes an employer has violated the OSH Act, a standard or a regulation.
- [Abatement](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/abatement): Action by an employer to comply with a cited standard or regulation or to eliminate a recognized hazard OSHA identified.
- [Failure to abate](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/failure-to-abate): Failing to correct a cited violation within the period permitted, which can be penalized for each day it continues.
- [Notice of contest](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/notice-of-contest): An employer's written notice that it will contest a citation or proposed penalty, postmarked within 15 working days.
- [Imminent danger](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/imminent-danger): Conditions that could reasonably be expected to cause death or serious physical harm immediately or before ordinary enforcement can remove them.
- [Competent person](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/competent-person): In construction, someone who can identify existing and predictable hazards and has authorization to take prompt corrective measures.
- [Qualified person](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/qualified-person): In construction, someone with a recognized degree, certificate or professional standing, or extensive knowledge, training and experience, who has shown an ability to solve problems on the work.
- [Authorized employee](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/authorized-employee): A person who locks out or tags out machines or equipment to perform servicing or maintenance on them.
- [Recordable injury](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/recordable-injury): A new, work-related case that results in death, days away, restricted work, job transfer, treatment beyond first aid, loss of consciousness or a significant diagnosis, or fits a special case in 1904.8 to 1904.11.
- [Work-related injury or illness](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/work-related-injury): An injury or illness caused or contributed to by an event or exposure in the work environment, or significantly aggravated by one.
- [First aid](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/first-aid): A complete list of simple treatments. The list includes bandages, wound cleaning and nonprescription medication at nonprescription strength.
- [Medical treatment](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/medical-treatment): The management and care of a patient to combat disease or disorder. It does not include first aid, observation or diagnostic procedures.
- [Days away from work](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/days-away-from-work): Calendar days an employee is unable to work, or a health care professional recommends staying out, because of a work-related injury or illness, counted from the day after it began.
- [Restricted work or job transfer](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/restricted-work-or-job-transfer): When a work-related injury or illness keeps an employee from routine job functions or the full workday, or moves them to another job part of the day.
- [OSHA 300 Log](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/osha-300-log): The Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses, where employers enter each recordable case.
- [OSHA 300A summary](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/osha-300a-summary): The annual summary of the injuries and illnesses on the OSHA 300 Log, certified and posted by February 1 and kept up until April 30.
- [Severe injury reporting](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/severe-injury-reporting): Report a work-related death within 8 hours and an in-patient hospitalization, amputation or loss of an eye within 24 hours, with time limits and exceptions.
- [Establishment](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/establishment): A single physical location where business is conducted or where services or industrial operations are performed.
- [TRIR](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/trir): Total recordable incident rate: recordable cases per 100 full-time workers, calculated as cases times 200,000 divided by hours worked.
- [DART rate](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/dart-rate): Days away, restricted or transferred rate: cases with days away, restricted work or job transfer per 100 full-time workers.
- [Confined space](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/confined-space): A space large enough to enter and work in, with limited or restricted means of entry or exit, not designed for continuous occupancy.
- [Permit-required confined space](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/permit-required-confined-space): A confined space with a hazardous atmosphere, an engulfment hazard, a trapping configuration or any other recognized serious hazard.
- [Lockout/tagout](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/lockout-tagout): Placing a lockout device or a tagout device on an energy isolating device so that equipment is not operated during servicing.
- [Energy isolating device](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/energy-isolating-device): A mechanical device that physically prevents the transmission or release of energy, such as a circuit breaker, disconnect switch or line valve.
- [Hazardous chemical](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/hazardous-chemical): Any chemical classified as a physical hazard or health hazard, a simple asphyxiant, combustible dust or a hazard not otherwise classified.
- [Safety data sheet](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/safety-data-sheet): Written or printed material about a hazardous chemical, prepared under paragraph (g) of the Hazard Communication standard.
- [Fit test](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/fit-test): The use of a protocol to qualitatively or quantitatively evaluate the fit of a respirator on an individual.
- [IDLH](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/idlh): In the respiratory protection standard, an atmosphere that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible harm or would impair escape.
- [Occupational exposure](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/occupational-exposure): Reasonably anticipated skin, eye, mucous membrane or parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials from an employee's duties.
- [Bloodborne pathogens](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/bloodborne-pathogens): Pathogenic microorganisms present in human blood that can cause disease in humans, including HBV and HIV.
- [Guardrail system](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/guardrail-system): In construction, a barrier erected to prevent employees from falling to lower levels.
- [Personal fall arrest system](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/personal-fall-arrest-system): In construction, a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level, made of an anchorage, connectors and a body belt or harness.
- [Leading edge](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/leading-edge): In construction fall protection, the edge of a floor, roof or formwork that changes location as more sections are placed, formed or constructed.
- [Anchorage](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/anchorage): In construction, a secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards or deceleration devices.
- [Scaffold](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/scaffold): Any temporary elevated platform, supported or suspended, and its supporting structure, used to support employees or materials.
- [Trench](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/trench): A narrow excavation made below the surface of the ground, generally deeper than wide and no more than 15 feet wide at the bottom, including one narrowed to that by forms or structures.
- [Cave-in](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/cave-in): The separation of soil or rock from the side of an excavation, or from under a shield or support system, and its sudden movement in, enough to entrap, bury or otherwise injure and immobilize a person.
- [Protective system](https://cairnsafe.com/glossary/protective-system): A method of protecting employees from cave-ins, falling or rolling material, or the collapse of adjacent structures.

## OSHA standards (full list)

Citation counts run from January 2016 through September 10, 2026, most cited first.

- [29 CFR 1926.501 Duty to have fall protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.501): 98,889 citations, median penalty $2,837.
- [29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard communication](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1200): 93,792 citations, median penalty $1,400.
- [29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.134): 57,190 citations, median penalty $1,785.
- [29 CFR 1910.147 The control of hazardous energy (lockout/tagout)](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.147): 50,526 citations, median penalty $4,310.
- [29 CFR 1926.451 General requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.451): 43,168 citations, median penalty $2,500.
- [29 CFR 1926.1053 Ladders](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1053): 41,191 citations, median penalty $2,128.
- [29 CFR 1910.178 Powered industrial trucks](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.178): 38,036 citations, median penalty $2,597.
- [29 CFR 1926.503 Training requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.503): 36,064 citations, median penalty $2,100.
- [29 CFR 1910.305 Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.305): 33,485 citations, median penalty $1,819.
- [29 CFR 1910.303 General](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.303): 32,743 citations, median penalty $2,230.
- [29 CFR 1910.212 General requirements for all machines](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.212): 30,789 citations, median penalty $3,885.
- [29 CFR 1926.102 Eye and face protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.102): 24,408 citations, median penalty $2,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.132 General requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.132): 22,474 citations, median penalty $2,350.
- [29 CFR 1910.157 Portable fire extinguishers](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.157): 20,555 citations, median penalty $1,113.
- [29 CFR 1926.20 General safety and health provisions](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.20): 18,175 citations, median penalty $2,100.
- [29 CFR 1910.1030 Bloodborne pathogens](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1030): 17,026 citations, median penalty $1,900.
- [29 CFR 1910.37 Maintenance, safeguards, and operational features for exit routes](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.37): 15,928 citations, median penalty $2,567.
- [29 CFR 1926.100 Head protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.100): 15,668 citations, median penalty $1,500.
- [29 CFR 1910.22 General requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.22): 14,261 citations, median penalty $2,750.
- [29 CFR 1926.502 Fall protection systems criteria and practices](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.502): 13,380 citations, median penalty $2,535.
- [29 CFR 1926.651 Specific excavation requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.651): 12,554 citations, median penalty $2,771.
- [29 CFR 1910.28 Duty to have fall protection and falling object protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.28): 11,886 citations, median penalty $3,200.
- [29 CFR 1910.215 Abrasive wheel machinery](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.215): 11,319 citations, median penalty $1,554.
- [29 CFR 1910.219 Mechanical power-transmission apparatus](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.219): 10,662 citations, median penalty $2,589.
- [29 CFR 1926.1101 Asbestos](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1101): 10,552 citations, median penalty $1,250.
- [29 CFR 1904.39 Reporting fatalities, hospitalizations, amputations, and losses of an eye as a result of work-related incidents to OSHA](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1904.39): 10,296 citations, median penalty $2,772.
- [29 CFR 1910.146 Permit-required confined spaces](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.146): 10,155 citations, median penalty $3,500.
- [29 CFR 1926.453 Aerial lifts](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.453): 10,089 citations, median penalty $2,383.
- [29 CFR 1910.151 Medical services and first aid](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.151): 9,901 citations, median penalty $2,000.
- [29 CFR 1926.652 Requirements for protective systems](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.652): 8,789 citations, median penalty $3,750.
- [29 CFR 1910.95 Occupational noise exposure](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.95): 8,530 citations, median penalty $2,800.
- [29 CFR 1926.1153 Respirable crystalline silica](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1153): 7,865 citations, median penalty $2,300.
- [29 CFR 1903.19 Abatement verification](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1903.19): 7,758 citations, median penalty $376.
- [29 CFR 1926.21 Safety training and education](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.21): 7,205 citations, median penalty $2,900.
- [29 CFR 1910.23 Ladders](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.23): 7,052 citations, median penalty $2,430.
- [29 CFR 1910.213 Woodworking machinery requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.213): 6,576 citations, median penalty $2,282.
- [29 CFR 1926.405 Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.405): 6,475 citations, median penalty $1,500.
- [29 CFR 1926.454 Training requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.454): 6,286 citations, median penalty $2,000.
- [29 CFR 1904.29 Forms](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1904.29): 6,128 citations, median penalty $700.
- [29 CFR 1910.119 Process safety management of highly hazardous chemicals](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.119): 6,018 citations, median penalty $6,482.
- [29 CFR 1910.133 Eye and face protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.133): 5,693 citations, median penalty $1,851.
- [29 CFR 1910.106 Flammable liquids](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.106): 5,575 citations, median penalty $2,024.
- [29 CFR 1910.304 Wiring design and protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.304): 5,572 citations, median penalty $1,758.
- [29 CFR 1926.1060 Training requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1060): 5,312 citations, median penalty $1,775.
- [29 CFR 1910.107 Spray finishing using flammable and combustible materials](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.107): 5,284 citations, median penalty $1,622.
- [29 CFR 1910.141 Sanitation](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.141): 5,210 citations, median penalty $1,478.
- [29 CFR 1926.1052 Stairways](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1052): 4,857 citations, median penalty $1,663.
- [29 CFR 1910.1053 Respirable crystalline silica](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1053): 4,652 citations, median penalty $2,400.
- [29 CFR 1910.176 Handling materials—general](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.176): 4,638 citations, median penalty $4,000.
- [29 CFR 1926.416 General requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.416): 4,622 citations, median penalty $2,765.
- [29 CFR 1910.36 Design and construction requirements for exit routes](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.36): 4,541 citations, median penalty $2,384.
- [29 CFR 1910.334 Use of equipment](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.334): 4,312 citations, median penalty $1,849.
- [29 CFR 1910.253 Oxygen-fuel gas welding and cutting](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.253): 4,236 citations, median penalty $2,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.1025 Lead](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1025): 4,230 citations, median penalty $2,396.
- [29 CFR 1926.452 Additional requirements applicable to specific types of scaffolds](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.452): 4,164 citations, median penalty $2,344.
- [29 CFR 1910.242 Hand and portable powered tools and equipment, general](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.242): 4,129 citations, median penalty $1,200.
- [29 CFR 1904.40 Providing records to government representatives](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1904.40): 3,893 citations, median penalty $893.
- [29 CFR 1910.179 Overhead and gantry cranes](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.179): 3,818 citations, median penalty $3,168.
- [29 CFR 1926.62 Lead](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.62): 3,748 citations, median penalty $1,604.
- [29 CFR 1904.32 Annual summary](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1904.32): 3,623 citations, median penalty $821.
- [29 CFR 1926.404 Wiring design and protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.404): 3,546 citations, median penalty $1,600.
- [29 CFR 1926.403 General requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.403): 3,543 citations, median penalty $1,750.
- [29 CFR 1910.184 Slings](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.184): 3,308 citations, median penalty $3,000.
- [29 CFR 1926.602 Material handling equipment](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.602): 3,044 citations, median penalty $2,217.
- [29 CFR 1910.1026 Chromium (VI)](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1026): 2,977 citations, median penalty $2,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.29 Fall protection systems and falling object protection—criteria and practices](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.29): 2,857 citations, median penalty $2,937.
- [29 CFR 1910.138 Hand protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.138): 2,795 citations, median penalty $2,450.
- [29 CFR 1910.333 Selection and use of work practices](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.333): 2,644 citations, median penalty $4,641.
- [29 CFR 1910.252 General requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.252): 2,498 citations, median penalty $2,750.
- [29 CFR 1904.41 Electronic submission of Employer Identification Number (EIN) and injury and illness records to OSHA](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1904.41): 2,475 citations, median penalty $1,120.
- [29 CFR 1926.50 Medical services and first aid](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.50): 2,465 citations, median penalty $1,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.1001 Asbestos](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1001): 2,430 citations, median penalty $2,000.
- [29 CFR 1926.150 Fire protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.150): 2,390 citations, median penalty $1,200.
- [29 CFR 1910.30 Training requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.30): 2,328 citations, median penalty $3,381.
- [29 CFR 1910.217 Mechanical power presses](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.217): 2,292 citations, median penalty $3,500.
- [29 CFR 1926.95 Criteria for personal protective equipment](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.95): 2,216 citations, median penalty $1,209.
- [29 CFR 1910.38 Emergency action plans](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.38): 2,202 citations, median penalty $1,500.
- [29 CFR 1910.120 Hazardous waste operations and emergency response](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.120): 2,122 citations, median penalty $4,500.
- [29 CFR 1910.101 Compressed gases (general requirements)](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.101): 2,069 citations, median penalty $2,185.
- [29 CFR 1926.300 General requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.300): 2,068 citations, median penalty $1,875.
- [29 CFR 1926.1051 General requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1051): 2,060 citations, median penalty $2,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.110 Storage and handling of liquefied petroleum gases](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.110): 1,839 citations, median penalty $1,340.
- [29 CFR 1910.244 Other portable tools and equipment](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.244): 1,792 citations, median penalty $700.
- [29 CFR 1910.243 Guarding of portable powered tools](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.243): 1,782 citations, median penalty $1,822.
- [29 CFR 1926.25 Housekeeping](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.25): 1,740 citations, median penalty $1,500.
- [29 CFR 1910.1000 Air contaminants](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1000): 1,724 citations, median penalty $3,741.
- [29 CFR 1926.701 General requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.701): 1,712 citations, median penalty $2,070.
- [29 CFR 1910.67 Vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating work platforms](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.67): 1,656 citations, median penalty $2,486.
- [29 CFR 1926.760 Fall protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.760): 1,655 citations, median penalty $3,316.
- [29 CFR 1910.272 Grain handling facilities](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.272): 1,524 citations, median penalty $4,517.
- [29 CFR 1910.266 Logging operations](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.266): 1,438 citations, median penalty $1,936.
- [29 CFR 1910.335 Safeguards for personnel protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.335): 1,385 citations, median penalty $4,900.
- [29 CFR 1926.304 Woodworking tools](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.304): 1,377 citations, median penalty $2,270.
- [29 CFR 1910.269 Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.269): 1,367 citations, median penalty $7,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.145 Specifications for accident prevention signs and tags](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.145): 1,336 citations, median penalty $3,500.
- [29 CFR 1926.251 Rigging equipment for material handling](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.251): 1,332 citations, median penalty $2,613.
- [29 CFR 1910.1052 Methylene chloride](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1052): 1,320 citations, median penalty $1,500.
- [29 CFR 1904.4 Recording criteria](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1904.4): 1,270 citations, median penalty $800.
- [29 CFR 1910.156 Fire brigades](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.156): 1,123 citations, median penalty $905.
- [29 CFR 1910.25 Stairways](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.25): 1,080 citations, median penalty $2,410.
- [29 CFR 1910.332 Training](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.332): 916 citations, median penalty $4,213.
- [29 CFR 1926.28 Personal protective equipment](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.28): 898 citations, median penalty $2,138.
- [29 CFR 1910.1048 Formaldehyde](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1048): 894 citations, median penalty $1,870.
- [29 CFR 1926.51 Sanitation](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.51): 890 citations, median penalty $1,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.307 Hazardous (classified) locations](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.307): 867 citations, median penalty $3,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.135 Head protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.135): 828 citations, median penalty $2,486.
- [29 CFR 1910.140 Personal fall protection systems](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.140): 799 citations, median penalty $3,476.
- [29 CFR 1926.850 Preparatory operations](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.850): 792 citations, median penalty $3,023.
- [29 CFR 1926.152 Flammable liquids](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.152): 781 citations, median penalty $1,928.
- [29 CFR 1926.1412 Inspections](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1412): 753 citations, median penalty $1,765.
- [29 CFR 1926.200 Accident prevention signs and tags](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.200): 729 citations, median penalty $3,618.
- [29 CFR 1910.265 Sawmills](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.265): 726 citations, median penalty $3,024.
- [29 CFR 1926.1203 General requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1203): 720 citations, median penalty $4,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.136 Foot protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.136): 689 citations, median penalty $2,554.
- [29 CFR 1904.33 Retention and updating](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1904.33): 642 citations, median penalty $870.
- [29 CFR 1904.30 Multiple business establishments](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1904.30): 631 citations, median penalty $900.
- [29 CFR 1910.177 Servicing multi-piece and single piece rim wheels](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.177): 629 citations, median penalty $3,751.
- [29 CFR 1928.57 Guarding of farm field equipment, farmstead equipment, and cotton gins](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1928.57): 627 citations, median penalty $4,966.
- [29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational exposure to hazardous chemicals in laboratories](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1450): 617 citations, median penalty $1,177.
- [29 CFR 1910.254 Arc welding and cutting](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.254): 563 citations, median penalty $2,000.
- [29 CFR 1926.302 Power-operated hand tools](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.302): 560 citations, median penalty $900.
- [29 CFR 1926.350 Gas welding and cutting](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.350): 536 citations, median penalty $1,989.
- [29 CFR 1910.180 Crawler locomotive and truck cranes](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.180): 528 citations, median penalty $2,800.
- [29 CFR 1910.263 Bakery equipment](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.263): 526 citations, median penalty $2,631.
- [29 CFR 1926.761 Training](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.761): 520 citations, median penalty $2,902.
- [29 CFR 1910.1027 Cadmium](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1027): 499 citations, median penalty $3,102.
- [29 CFR 1910.502 Healthcare](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.502): 484 citations, median penalty $5,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.27 Scaffolds and rope descent systems](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.27): 467 citations, median penalty $3,428.
- [29 CFR 1926.1204 Permit-required confined space program](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1204): 463 citations, median penalty $5,975.
- [29 CFR 1904.7 General recording criteria](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1904.7): 459 citations, median penalty $989.
- [29 CFR 1926.34 Means of egress](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.34): 433 citations, median penalty $1,914.
- [29 CFR 1910.94 Ventilation](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.94): 419 citations, median penalty $2,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.39 Fire prevention plans](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.39): 417 citations, median penalty $900.
- [29 CFR 1910.142 Temporary labor camps](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.142): 406 citations, median penalty $750.
- [29 CFR 1926.303 Abrasive wheels and tools](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.303): 406 citations, median penalty $2,000.
- [29 CFR 1926.601 Motor vehicles](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.601): 401 citations, median penalty $3,333.
- [29 CFR 1926.552 Material hoists, personnel hoists, and elevators](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.552): 399 citations, median penalty $2,411.
- [29 CFR 1910.1020 Access to employee exposure and medical records](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1020): 389 citations, median penalty $1,350.
- [29 CFR 1910.24 Step bolts and manhole steps](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.24): 373 citations, median penalty $1,575.
- [29 CFR 1926.600 Equipment](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.600): 369 citations, median penalty $3,868.
- [29 CFR 1926.1427 Operator training, certification, and evaluation](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1427): 363 citations, median penalty $2,926.
- [29 CFR 1926.1425 Keeping clear of the load](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1425): 353 citations, median penalty $3,396.
- [29 CFR 1926.106 Working over or near water](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.106): 351 citations, median penalty $3,975.
- [29 CFR 1910.26 Dockboards](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.26): 338 citations, median penalty $2,500.
- [29 CFR 1910.165 Employee alarm systems](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.165): 321 citations, median penalty $4,209.
- [29 CFR 1910.124 General requirements for dipping and coating operations](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.124): 318 citations, median penalty $2,000.
- [29 CFR 1926.153 Liquefied petroleum gas (LP-Gas)](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.153): 318 citations, median penalty $1,495.
- [29 CFR 1904.1 Partial exemption for employers with 10 or fewer employees](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1904.1): 313 citations, median penalty $400.
- [29 CFR 1926.1428 Signal person qualifications](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1428): 298 citations, median penalty $1,250.
- [29 CFR 1910.268 Telecommunications](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.268): 296 citations, median penalty $4,728.
- [29 CFR 1926.960 Working on or near exposed energized parts](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.960): 295 citations, median penalty $6,300.
- [29 CFR 1926.1417 Operation](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1417): 293 citations, median penalty $3,600.
- [29 CFR 1926.55 Gases, vapors, fumes, dusts, and mists](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.55): 292 citations, median penalty $3,713.
- [29 CFR 1926.1408 Power line safety (up to 350 kV)—equipment operations](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1408): 288 citations, median penalty $3,775.
- [29 CFR 1926.417 Lockout and tagging of circuits](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.417): 288 citations, median penalty $3,920.
- [29 CFR 1910.159 Automatic sprinkler systems](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.159): 261 citations, median penalty $2,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.1018 Inorganic arsenic](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1018): 254 citations, median penalty $4,369.
- [29 CFR 1926.351 Arc welding and cutting](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.351): 243 citations, median penalty $1,908.
- [29 CFR 1926.252 Disposal of waste materials](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.252): 242 citations, median penalty $2,236.
- [29 CFR 1960.8 Agency responsibilities](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1960.8): 223 citations, median penalty $8,776.
- [29 CFR 1926.1207 Training](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1207): 220 citations, median penalty $4,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.137 Electrical protective equipment](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.137): 219 citations, median penalty $4,257.
- [29 CFR 1926.306 Air receivers](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.306): 216 citations, median penalty $765.
- [29 CFR 1926.307 Mechanical power-transmission apparatus](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.307): 206 citations, median penalty $1,100.
- [29 CFR 1904.31 Covered employees](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1904.31): 203 citations, median penalty $977.
- [29 CFR 1926.352 Fire prevention](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.352): 201 citations, median penalty $2,655.
- [29 CFR 1910.144 Safety color code for marking physical hazards](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.144): 198 citations, median penalty $3,000.
- [29 CFR 1926.59 Hazard communication](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.59): 195 citations, median penalty $1,856.
- [29 CFR 1910.169 Air receivers](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.169): 191 citations, median penalty $2,586.
- [29 CFR 1910.255 Resistance welding](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.255): 182 citations, median penalty $3,650.
- [29 CFR 1928.110 Field sanitation](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1928.110): 181 citations, median penalty $765.
- [29 CFR 1926.754 Structural steel assembly](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.754): 176 citations, median penalty $4,645.
- [29 CFR 1926.1431 Hoisting personnel](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1431): 172 citations, median penalty $2,652.
- [29 CFR 1926.201 Signaling](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.201): 171 citations, median penalty $3,564.
- [29 CFR 1926.703 Requirements for cast-in-place concrete](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.703): 162 citations, median penalty $6,476.
- [29 CFR 1915.73 Guarding of deck openings and edges](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1915.73): 160 citations, median penalty $5,120.
- [29 CFR 1926.1127 Cadmium](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1127): 155 citations, median penalty $2,034.
- [29 CFR 1926.1413 Wire rope—inspection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1413): 155 citations, median penalty $1,765.
- [29 CFR 1915.152 General requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1915.152): 153 citations, median penalty $4,346.
- [29 CFR 1926.1404 Assembly/Disassembly—general requirements (applies to all assembly and disassembly operations)](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1404): 153 citations, median penalty $5,000.
- [29 CFR 1903.2 Posting of notice; availability of the Act, regulations and applicable standards](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1903.2): 143 citations, median penalty $442.
- [29 CFR 1910.9 Compliance duties owed to each employee](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.9): 137 citations, median penalty $7,017.
- [29 CFR 1926.753 Hoisting and rigging](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.753): 135 citations, median penalty $3,000.
- [29 CFR 1926.1206 Entry permit](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1206): 133 citations, median penalty $4,760.
- [29 CFR 1910.261 Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.261): 132 citations, median penalty $7,000.
- [29 CFR 1926.250 General requirements for storage](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.250): 131 citations, median penalty $3,972.
- [29 CFR 1917.26 First aid and lifesaving facilities](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1917.26): 129 citations, median penalty $3,150.
- [29 CFR 1910.125 Additional requirements for dipping and coating operations that use flammable liquids or liquids with flashpoints greater than 199.4 °F (93 °C)](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.125): 125 citations, median penalty $2,788.
- [29 CFR 1910.160 Fixed extinguishing systems, general](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.160): 124 citations, median penalty $2,393.
- [29 CFR 1910.1024 Beryllium](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1024): 122 citations, median penalty $3,670.
- [29 CFR 1910.1096 Ionizing radiation](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1096): 122 citations, median penalty $2,000.
- [29 CFR 1926.800 Underground construction](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.800): 120 citations, median penalty $3,550.
- [29 CFR 1917.112 Guarding of edges](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1917.112): 112 citations, median penalty $4,505.
- [29 CFR 1926.1424 Work area control](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1424): 111 citations, median penalty $2,327.
- [29 CFR 1926.1211 Rescue and emergency services](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1211): 110 citations, median penalty $5,055.
- [29 CFR 1904.35 Employee involvement](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1904.35): 109 citations, median penalty $1,592.
- [29 CFR 1915.12 Precautions and the order of testing before entering confined and enclosed spaces and other dangerous atmospheres](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1915.12): 107 citations, median penalty $4,194.
- [29 CFR 1926.1205 Permitting process](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1205): 107 citations, median penalty $4,520.
- [29 CFR 1926.1430 Training](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1430): 106 citations, median penalty $3,024.
- [29 CFR 1926.706 Requirements for masonry construction](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.706): 105 citations, median penalty $2,835.
- [29 CFR 1910.102 Acetylene](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.102): 103 citations, median penalty $2,436.
- [29 CFR 1910.218 Forging machines](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.218): 102 citations, median penalty $5,000.
- [29 CFR 1960.59 Training of employees and employee representatives](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1960.59): 102 citations.
- [29 CFR 1926.1126 Chromium (VI)](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1126): 99 citations, median penalty $2,500.
- [29 CFR 1926.56 Illumination](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.56): 99 citations, median penalty $2,217.
- [29 CFR 1926.950 General](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.950): 94 citations, median penalty $6,734.
- [29 CFR 1926.96 Occupational foot protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.96): 92 citations, median penalty $2,125.
- [29 CFR 1910.421 Pre-dive procedures](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.421): 91 citations, median penalty $4,704.
- [29 CFR 1926.859 Mechanical demolition](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.859): 91 citations, median penalty $4,434.
- [29 CFR 1904.8 Recording criteria for needlestick and sharps injuries](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1904.8): 89 citations, median penalty $1,000.
- [29 CFR 1928.51 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for tractors used in agricultural operations](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1928.51): 88 citations, median penalty $2,341.
- [29 CFR 1915.89 Control of hazardous energy (lockout/tags-plus)](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1915.89): 86 citations, median penalty $6,005.
- [29 CFR 1910.109 Explosives and blasting agents](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.109): 85 citations, median penalty $3,312.
- [29 CFR 1926.52 Occupational noise exposure](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.52): 84 citations, median penalty $3,282.
- [29 CFR 1904.10 Recording criteria for cases involving occupational hearing loss](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1904.10): 79 citations, median penalty $985.
- [29 CFR 1910.264 Laundry machinery and operations](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.264): 78 citations, median penalty $3,259.
- [29 CFR 1917.45 Cranes and derricks (See also § 1917.50)](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1917.45): 77 citations, median penalty $6,072.
- [29 CFR 1915.158 Lifesaving equipment](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1915.158): 75 citations, median penalty $2,138.
- [29 CFR 1915.81 Housekeeping](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1915.81): 75 citations, median penalty $2,500.
- [29 CFR 1926.54 Nonionizing radiation](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.54): 75 citations, median penalty $1,420.
- [29 CFR 1915.71 Scaffolds or staging](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1915.71): 74 citations, median penalty $4,915.
- [29 CFR 1926.757 Open web steel joists](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.757): 74 citations, median penalty $2,855.
- [29 CFR 1910.158 Standpipe and hose systems](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.158): 72 citations, median penalty $2,500.
- [29 CFR 1926.1416 Operational aids](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1416): 71 citations, median penalty $2,000.
- [29 CFR 1926.959 Mechanical equipment](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.959): 71 citations, median penalty $7,000.
- [29 CFR 1926.605 Marine operations and equipment](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.605): 70 citations, median penalty $3,405.
- [29 CFR 1926.952 Job briefing](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.952): 70 citations, median penalty $5,298.
- [29 CFR 1926.852 Chutes](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.852): 69 citations, median penalty $2,530.
- [29 CFR 1926.1437 Floating cranes/derricks and land cranes/derricks on barges](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1437): 67 citations, median penalty $3,700.
- [29 CFR 1910.216 Mills and calenders in the rubber and plastics industries](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.216): 66 citations, median penalty $6,790.
- [29 CFR 1910.1047 Ethylene oxide](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.1047): 64 citations, median penalty $5,014.
- [29 CFR 1926.1402 Ground conditions](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1402): 63 citations, median penalty $3,500.
- [29 CFR 1917.43 Powered industrial trucks](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1917.43): 62 citations, median penalty $5,700.
- [29 CFR 1917.50 Certification of marine terminal material handling devices (See also mandatory appendix I, of this part)](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1917.50): 62 citations, median penalty $6,316.
- [29 CFR 1926.301 Hand tools](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.301): 60 citations, median penalty $2,273.
- [29 CFR 1926.702 Requirements for equipment and tools](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.702): 60 citations, median penalty $3,363.
- [29 CFR 1926.964 Overhead lines and live-line barehand work](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.964): 60 citations, median penalty $7,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.410 Qualifications of dive team](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.410): 59 citations, median penalty $3,000.
- [29 CFR 1910.430 Equipment](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.430): 58 citations, median penalty $3,000.
- [29 CFR 1926.1419 Signals—general requirements](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.1419): 57 citations, median penalty $4,982.
- [29 CFR 1960.25 Qualifications of safety and health inspectors and agency inspections](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1960.25): 57 citations.
- [29 CFR 1917.151 Machine guarding](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1917.151): 56 citations, median penalty $3,950.
- [29 CFR 1917.44 General rules applicable to vehicles](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1917.44): 56 citations, median penalty $4,889.
- [29 CFR 1910.262 Textiles](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.262): 54 citations, median penalty $4,858.
- [29 CFR 1915.74 Access to vessels](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1915.74): 54 citations, median penalty $2,978.
- [29 CFR 1918.22 Gangways](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1918.22): 51 citations, median penalty $5,546.
- [29 CFR 1926.961 Deenergizing lines and equipment for employee protection](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1926.961): 51 citations, median penalty $5,449.
- [29 CFR 1910.66 Powered platforms for building maintenance](https://cairnsafe.com/standards/1910.66): 50 citations, median penalty $2,713.